Engineering Transactions, 67, 3, pp. 369–386, 2019
10.24423/EngTrans.939.20190426

Investigation of Monotonic and Cyclic Behavior of Soft Clay Using Direct Simple Shear Apparatus

Sutera BENCHANUKROM
Phetchabun Rajabhat University
Thailand

Chitsirin LAILAK
Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University
Thailand

Nirut KONKONG
P.A.I.R. Co., Ltd
Thailand

The purpose of this research was to study the monotonic and cyclic simple shear mode behavior of Bangkok clay, using direct simple shear apparatus. The monotonic specimens were prepared in a saturated condition and were K0 consolidated before being undrained sheared. The specimens were sheared at the shear strain rate of 5% per hour until the shear strain reached 20%. The Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties (SHANSEP) method was applied to analyze the monotonic test data, and the CK0DSS SHANSEP equation was proposed, based on the results. The results from the CK0DSS SHANSEP equation were in a good correlation with Qu, CK0CU and CK0EU. The cyclic specimens were tested at different frequencies of 0.1, 1 and 5 Hz and the vertical stress was varied at 200, 300, and 400 kPa. The shear strain amplitude was controlled at ±0.5% for the first 100 cycles, and then was increased to ±1.5% for the next 100 cycles, and finally it was increased to ±3% for the last 100 cycles. The results showed that the shear modulus increased when the maximum vertical effective stress increased and the damping ratio increased when the strain amplitude increased.
Keywords: monotonic test; cyclic test; direct simple shear apparatus; SHANSEP; shear modulus; damping ratio
Full Text: PDF
Copyright © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).

References

Roscoe K.H., The influence of strains in soil mechanics, Geotechnique, 20(2): 129–170, 1970.

Finn L., Pickering W. D., Bransby P.L., Sand liquefaction in triaxial and simple shear tests, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 97(4): 639–659, 1971.

Lucks A., Christian J., Brandow G., Hoeg K., Stress conditions in NGI simple shear test, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 98(1): 155–160, 1972.

Prevost J., Hoeg K., Reanalysis of simple shear soil testing, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 13(4): 418–429, 1976.

Shen C.K., Sadigh K, Herrmann L.R., An analysis of NGI simple shear apparatus for cyclic load testing, Dynamic Geotechnical Testing, STP 654: 148–162, 1978.

Andersen K., Pool J., Brown S., Rosenbrand W., Cyclic and static laboratory tests on Drammen clay, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 106(5): 499–529, 1980.

Seed H.B., Chan C.K., Clay strength under earthquake loading conditions, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 92(SM2): 53–78, 1966.

Yasuhara K., Hirao K., Hyde L., Effects of cyclic loading on undrained strength and compressibility of clay, Soils and Foundations, 3291: 100–116, 1992.

Zhou J., Gong X., Strain degradation of saturated clay under cyclic loading, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 38(1): 208–212, 2001.

Ni J., Indraratna B., Geng X.Y., Carter J.P., Chen Y.L., Model of soft soils under cyclic loading, International Journal of Geomechanics, 15(4): 04014067, 2014.

Indraratna B., Sun Y., Nimbalkar S., Laboratory assessment of the role of particle size distribution on the deformation and degradation of ballast under cyclic loading, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 142(7): 04016016, 2016.

Thian S.Y., Lee C.Y., Cyclic stress-controlled tests on offshore clay, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 9(2): 376–381, 2017.

Teerachaikulpanich N., Phupat V., Geological and geotechnical engineering properties of Bangkok clay, Proceedings of the 38th Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, 2005.

Casagrade A., Wilson S.D., Effect of rate of loading on the strength of clay and shales at constant water content, Geotechnique, 2(3): 251–263, 1951.

Hardin B.O., Black W.L., Vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay, Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division ASCE, 94(SM2): 353–369, 1968.

Pailoplee S., Charusiri P., Seismic hazards in Thailand: a compilation and updated probabilistic analysis,Earth, Planets and Space, 68–98, 2016.

Ladd C.C., Foott R., New design procedure for stability of soft clays, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 100(7): 763–786, 1974.

Bjerrum L., Landva A., Direct simple shear tests on a Norwegian quick clay, Géotechnique, 16(1): 1–22, 1966.

Geonor, Instructions for Use of Direct Simple Shear Apparatus, GEONOR Inc., Østerås, Norway, 1999.

Hsieh P.A., Bredehoeft J.D., Farr J.M., Determination of aquifer transmissivity from Earth tide analysis, Water Resources Research, 23(10): 1824–1832, 1987.

Rojstaczer S., Intermediate period response of water levels in wells to crustal strain: sensitivity and noise level, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 93(B11): 13619–13634, 1988.

Sambhandharaksa S., Stress-strain-strength anisotropy of varved clays, Doctoral thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, U.S.A, 1977.

Yasufuku N., Ochiai H., Skin friction of non-displacement piles related to simple shear mode with large strain state friction angle, Soils and Foundations, 46(4): 537–544, 2006.

Szajna W.S., Evaluation of the state of sandy soils on a sinkhole area with the use of noninvasive (MASW) and invasive (SDMT) tests, Engineering Transactions, 63(1): 109–131, 2015.

Tong L.Y, Che H.B., Zhang M. F., Pan H. S., Determination of shear wave velocity of Yangtze Delta sediments using seismic piezocone tests, Transportation Geotechnics, 14: 29–40, 2018.

Hardin B.O., The nature of stress-strain behaviour for soils, Proceedings of Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics ASCE, pp. 19–21, 1987.




DOI: 10.24423/EngTrans.939.20190426